By Peter Kuol Kuch
Massive illegal poaching of wildlife continues to threaten both biodiversity and tourism in Jonglei State, South Sudan. Despite ongoing efforts by wildlife authorities and their partners to combat the crisis, many poachers persist—citing economic hardship and lack of security. They urge the government to establish stability and promote agriculture as a sustainable alternative.
Each year, as the dry season begins in Jonglei, herds of wildlife migrate eastward along corridors near the Ethiopian border in search of water and grazing land. It’s a season of movement and life—many animals give birth along the way, creating a breathtaking scene of young ones walking beside their mothers.
But their journey is fraught with danger. Amidst their natural migration, poachers strike. Many animals—both young and old—don’t survive.
Wildlife is a vital natural resource for South Sudan and one of the country’s key sources of government revenue. The wildlife and tourism sectors also contribute to foreign exchange earnings. However, in recent years, rampant poaching has severely threatened both.
In Bor, wildlife officials fear that continued illegal hunting will not only deplete animal populations but also drive wildlife across borders, undermining tourism potential.
Major General David Deng Adol, Director General for Wildlife Conservation and Tourism in Jonglei State, says poaching has reached alarming levels.
“Right now, since the rains began, animals like gazelles and white-eared kob have started moving back eastward. We’re able to monitor some of them thanks to the collaring system. But many are dying, especially in places like Gadiang.” He said
He adds that fear and trauma induced by frequent poaching are major causes of wildlife deaths, alongside direct injuries.
“Animals move seasonally, especially in the dry season, heading to water sources. But along the way, they’re attacked by poachers. This year, we’ve recorded a large number of deaths—up to 50 animals can die in groups in some areas of Gadiang alone. Even if people are struggling, killing animals in such large numbers is not the solution.” Deng Said.
He urges the government to stabilize the country to improve wildlife monitoring and boost the tourism sector.
In Bor, some poachers say they’ve turned to hunting out of desperation. Mr
Angany Peter, a former SSPDF soldier, says economic hardship drove him to quit the military and begins poaching.
“I served in the military for 30 years. In Abyei, life was hard—my children ended up on the streets. I developed health problems, and no one helped. I returned home, and when I found this business, I said I’d rather feed my family this way than die in misery. Insecurity has also made farming difficult.” Peter Said
He adds that many former civil servants and soldiers have been pushed into illegal activities due to unpaid salaries and economic collapse.
“If the government can ensure security and support agriculture, even I would stop poaching. We’d rather farm than hunt, but we need help.” He stressed.
For many women in Jonglei, the bushmeat trade is a lifeline. Achol Ghai, a mother of five, was displaced by the 2020 floods and now survives by selling meat in Bor town.
“After we were displaced, life became unbearable. I couldn’t find work, and my children need food. Selling meat is the only way I can support them.” She said
“These animals usually migrate during the dry season. If they return safely, maybe the government can help us find another way to support our families.” Achol Said.
She appeals for improved security and agricultural support so families like hers can return to farming.
For some buyers like Akuac Kuol, bushmeat is not only more accessible—it’s cheaper.
“I used to live in the village before the floods. Now everything is expensive—even onions. Bushmeat costs 12,000 SSP per kilo, while beef is 20,000. So when young men bring meat, we buy it to survive.” Akuac Said
She urges the government to support women through empowerment programs and reduce dependence on wildlife exploitation.
Meanwhile, butcher shop owners are feeling the pinch. Abraham Alier Kwai, chairperson of the butchers’ association in Jonglei, says business is collapsing.
“Cow prices are too high, and customers have switched to cheaper bushmeat. Some butchers have closed their shops. The market is drying up.” Alier emphasized.
Emily Agak, deputy chairperson of the Jonglei Civil Society Network, warns that unchecked poaching could eliminate entire species.
“If this continues, tourism could disappear in Jonglei. Wildlife is at risk. The government must educate communities on the dangers of poaching and the value of conservation.” Said Agak.
She recommends awareness and training programs for communities involved in poaching, to show them the long-term importance of preserving wildlife.
According to a 2023 African Parks survey, an estimated six million antelope migrate annually across Boma and Badingilo National Parks. However, numbers of elephants, buffalo, and zebra are rapidly declining. Experts warn that unless illegal hunting is curbed, some species may be lost forever.
For many in Jonglei, the choice to poach isn’t easy—it’s about survival. But with stronger governance, economic support, and community education, South Sudan can protect its wildlife and preserve a vital part of its national heritage.
‘’This story is reported with a grant from Journalists for Human Rights under the “Trackling mis/disinformation Project” funded by the Peace and Stabilization program of the government of Canada.’’